Association between type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms after a 1-year follow-up in an older adult Mediterranean population.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the cross-sectional association between baseline depressive symptoms and the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other metabolic variables, and the prospective association of depressive symptoms and HbA1c after 1 year of follow-up. METHODS: n = 6224 Mediterranean older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (48% females, mean age 64.9 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HbA1c was used to measure metabolic control. RESULTS: The presence of T2D increased the likelihood of higher levels of depressive symptoms (χ2 = 15.84, p = 0.001). Polynomial contrast revealed a positive linear relationship (χ2 = 13.49, p = 0.001), the higher the depressive symptoms levels, the higher the prevalence of T2D. Longitudinal analyses showed that the higher baseline depressive symptoms levels, the higher the likelihood of being within the HbA1c ≥ 7% at 1-year level (Wald-χ2 = 24.06, df = 3, p < .001, for the full adjusted model). Additionally, depressive levels at baseline and duration of T2D predicted higher HbA1c and body mass index, and lower physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet at 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports an association between T2D and the severity of depressive symptoms, suggesting a worse metabolic control from mild severity levels in the short-medium term, influenced by lifestyle habits related to diabetes care. Screening for depressive symptoms and a multidisciplinary integrative therapeutic approach should be ensured in patients with T2D.

Intensive Weight-Loss Lifestyle Intervention Using Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19 Risk in Older Adults: Secondary Analysis of PREDIMED-Plus Trial.

OBJECTIVES: We tested the effects of a weight-loss intervention encouraging energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity (PA) in comparison to ad libitum MedDiet on COVID-19 incidence in older adults. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of PREDIMED-Plus, a prospective, ongoing, multicentre randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Community-dwelling, free-living participants in PREDIMED-Plus trial. PARTICIPANTS: 6,874 Spanish older adults (55-75 years, 49% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomised to Intervention (IG) or Control (CG) Group. IG received intensive behavioural intervention for weight loss with an energy-reduced MedDiet intervention and PA promotion. CG was encouraged to consume ad libitum MedDiet without PA recommendations. MEASUREMENTS: COVID-19 was ascertained by an independent Event Committee until December 31, 2021. COX regression models compared the effect of PREDIMED-Plus interventions on COVID-19 risk. RESULTS: Overall, 653 COVID-19 incident cases were documented (IG:317; CG:336) over a median (IQR) follow-up of 5.8 (1.3) years (inclusive of 4.0 (1.2) years before community transmission of COVID-19) in both groups. A significantly lowered risk of COVID-19 incidence was not evident in IG, compared to CG (fully-adjusted HR (95% CI): 0.96 (0.81,1.12)). CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence to show that an intensive weight-loss intervention encouraging energy-reduced MedDiet and PA significantly lowered COVID-19 risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in comparison to ad libitum MedDiet. Recommendations to improve adherence to MedDiet provided with or without lifestyle modification suggestions for weight loss may have similar effects in protecting against COVID-19 risk in older adults with high cardiovascular risks.

Percepciones sobre la rehabilitación durante la pandemia por COVID-19 de las personas con discapacidad motora / People's perceptions with motor disabilities of rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Antecedentes y objetivo: La Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró a la infección por COrona VIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) como pandemia y recomendó, como medida preventiva, el distanciamiento social. Esto afectó a todos los tratamientos médico-clínicos, incluidos los relacionados con el proceso de rehabilitación física. El objetivo fue describir las percepciones sobre el proceso de rehabilitación debido a las modificaciones experimentadas por las personas con discapacidad motora de un hospital de rehabilitación durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Pacientes y métodos: Diseño cualitativo. La muestra elegida fue por conveniencia y el análisis de datos fue por análisis temático, el cual permite identificar, analizar y reportar temas relevantes. Las entrevistas se realizaron a pacientes atendidos en la División de Kinesiología. Criterios de inclusión: adultos> 18 años, diagnóstico de discapacidad motora, en tratamiento kinésico ≥ 1 mes de forma ambulatoria, con alta temprana de internación o internados en el momento de la realización del estudio y firma del consentimiento informado. Criterios de exclusión: alta kinésica por motivos diferentes a la COVID-19 y diagnóstico de enfermedad psiquiátrica. Resultados: La muestra se compuso de 16 participantes. El 31,2% era de sexo femenino. Doce presentaron diversas alteraciones neurológicas y 4, secuelas de amputación. Se identificaron 4 temas principales: importancia de la rehabilitación, modificaciones/interrupción del tratamiento, actividades de la vida diaria y telerrehabilitación. Conclusiones: Se describieron las percepciones sobre el proceso de rehabilitación y el impacto en las modificaciones experimentadas en las personas con discapacidad motora. Destacamos la importancia de la telerrehabilitación como un recurso alternativo.(AU)

Background and objective: The World Health Organization declared COrona VIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) a pandemic and recommended social distancing as a preventive measure. This affected all medical–clinical treatments, including those related to the physical rehabilitation process. The objective was to describe the perceptions about the rehabilitation process due to the modifications experienced by people with motor disabilities in a rehabilitation hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and methods Qualitative design. The sample chosen was for convenience and the data analysis was by thematic analysis, which allows to identify, analyze and report themes. The interviews were conducted with patients seen in the physiotherapy división of the hospital. Inclusion criteria: adults >18 years old, diagnosis of motor disability, undergoing physical treatment ≥1 month on an outpatient basis, with early discharge from hospitalization or hospitalization at the time of the study and signing of the informed consent. Exclusion criteria: physical discharge for reasons other than COVID-19 and diagnosis of psychiatric illness. Results: The sample consisted of 16 participants. 31.2% were female. Twelve presented various neurological alterations and 4 amputation effects. Four main themes were identified: importance of rehabilitation, treatment modifications/interruption, activities of daily living and tele-rehabilitation. Conclusions: Perceptions about the rehabilitation process and the impact on the modifications experienced in people with motor disabilities were described. We highlight the importance of tele-rehabilitation as an alternative resource.(AU)

Implementación del uso del SPECT portátil para valoración de márgenes quirúrgicos en cáncer de mama con indicación de ROLL. Primeros resultados / Implementation of the use of SPECT-portable for evaluation of surgical margins in breast cancer with indication of ROLL: First results

Objetivo principal: comparar la efectividad para la comprobación de márgenes quirúrgicos entre SPECT portátil y la mamografía de la pieza (RxM). Objetivo secundario: estandarizar un protocolo preintraquirúrgico mediante SPECT portátil y evaluar el tiempo requerido en el uso de esta técnica. Material y métodos Estudio longitudinal prospectivo con 36 pacientes (39 lesiones) diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama con criterios para realización SNOLL/ROLL. Se realiza en estudio prequirúrgico de la lesión tumoral, tras la administración ecoguiada de [99mTc]Tc-nanocoloides de albúmina/[99mTc]Tc-macroagregados de albúmina, en la lesión tumoral. Mediante SPECT portátil se obtienen imágenes híbridas (óptico + SPECT) e imágenes de navegación en 3D con sonda gamma. En quirófano se obtienen 4-5 imágenes con SPECT portátil, I) sobre piel para localización tumoral II) tras exposición de lecho para guía de resección, III) del lecho tras exéresis, IV y V) a la pieza quirúrgica. Se decide ampliación o no de márgenes considerando tres criterios: a) actividad residual (cps) en bordes de resección del lecho; b) análisis visual de la captación en la pieza; c) una distancia mínima de 10mm de los bordes de la pieza hasta el centro de mayor captación, más el radio de la lesión. En este estudio se valora la concordancia de: la medición de la profundidad entre ecografía y SPECT portátil en el estudio prequirúrgico; los márgenes quirúrgicos entre SPECT portátil vs. RxM, teniendo de técnica de referencia anatomía patológica (AP); del tiempo quirúrgico empleado con SPECT portátil (AU)

Objectives Main objective: To compare the effectiveness for checking surgical margins between SPECT-portable and mammography of the piece (RxM). Secondary objective: To standardize a pre-operative protocol using SPECT-portable and to evaluate the time required in the use of this technique. Material and method Prospective longitudinal study with 36 patients (39 lesions) diagnosed with breast cancer (CM) with criteria for SNOLL/ROLL. A pre-surgical study of the tumor lesion was performed, after the eco-guided administration of 99mTc-nanocolloids of albumin/99mTc-macroaggregates of albumin, in the tumor lesion. Hybrid images (optical+SPECT) and 3D navigation images with gamma probe are obtained using freehandSPECT. In the operating room, 4–5 images are obtained with freehandSPECT, (I) on skin for tumor location, (II) after exposure of surgical bed for resection guide, (III) of the surgical bed after exeresis, (IV and V) the anterior–posterior and lateral surface of the surgical specimen. The three criteria to decide to extend the margins are: (a) residual activity (cps) at the edges of the surgical bed resection; (b) visual analysis of the uptake in the specimen; (c) a minimum distance of 10mm from the edges of the specimen to the center of greatest uptake, plus the radius of the lesion. We study the concordance of: the depth measurement between ultrasound and freehandSPECT; the surgical margins between freehandSPECT vs. mammography of the specimen (RxM), considering anatomical pathology (AP) as the gold standard technique as reference; surgical time used with freehandSPECT and RxM. Results Intraoperative localization was performed in all cases. False negative (FN: no detection margin affected) with freehandSPECT: 9 margins; with RxM: 8 (AU)

Implementation of the use of SPECT-portable for evaluation of surgical margins in breast cancer with indication of ROLL: First results.

OBJECTIVES: Main objective: To compare the effectiveness for checking surgical margins between SPECT-portable and mammography of the piece (RxM). SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: To standardize a pre-operative protocol using SPECT-portable and to evaluate the time required in the use of this technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective longitudinal study with 36 patients (39 lesions) diagnosed with breast cancer (CM) with criteria for SNOLL/ROLL. A pre-surgical study of the tumor lesion was performed, after the eco-guided administration of 99mTc-nanocolloids of albumin/99mTc-macroaggregates of albumin, in the tumor lesion. Hybrid images (optical + SPECT) and 3D navigation images with gamma probe are obtained using freehandSPECT. In the operating room, 4-5 images are obtained with freehandSPECT, (I) on skin for tumor location, (II) after exposure of surgical bed for resection guide, (III) of the surgical bed after exeresis, (IV and V) the anterior-posterior and lateral surface of the surgical specimen. The three criteria to decide to extend the margins are: (a) residual activity (cps) at the edges of the surgical bed resection; (b) visual analysis of the uptake in the specimen; (c) a minimum distance of 10 mm from the edges of the specimen to the center of greatest uptake, plus the radius of the lesion. We study the concordance of: the depth measurement between ultrasound and freehandSPECT; the surgical margins between freehandSPECT vs. mammography of the specimen (RxM), considering anatomical pathology (AP) as the gold standard technique as reference; surgical time used with freehandSPECT and RxM. RESULTS: Intraoperative localization was performed in all cases. False negative (FN: no detection margin affected) with freehandSPECT: 9 margins; with RxM: 8. True positive (TP: detection margin affected) with freehandSPECT: 5 margins, with RxM: 6. True negative (TN: consider free margin when healthy) with freehandSPECT: 213 margins; with RxM: 196. Negative predictive value (NPV: probability of negative margin on unaffected part) with freehandSPECT: 95.9%, with RxM: 96.07%. Specificity with freehandSPECT: 96.8%, with RxM: 97%. The concordance of surgical bed margins between freehandSPECT and RxM: 94.5%. Between freehandSPECT and AP: 93.1%. Between RxM and PA: 93.5%, being all statistically significant (p-value <0.000), so we can affirm that both techniques are related or dependent on the reference technique, the PA. Degree of correlation between SPECT-portable and low PA (Kappa index: 0.34, 95% CI [0.22-0.47], and between RxM and moderate PA (Kappa index: 0.42, 95% CI [0.29-0.56], p-value <0.001. Comparison of the successes and failures of both techniques (SPECT-portable and RxM) and PA: Distribution χ2: 0.023 with degree of freedom 1, with value <0.05, so we can affirm that both techniques are similar, since there are no significant statistical differences. Median total OR time: 60.25 min (30-145). Mean freehandSPECT OR time: 5 scans = 10 min. CONCLUSIONS: There are no statistically significant differences in the probability to rule out affective margins that require a second surgery between both techniques (SPECT-portable and RxM) so, the technique performed with SPECT-Portable is a useful and effective procedure, which requires specific training with an optimized and multidisciplinary protocol. The time spent with SPECT-portable is feasible for daily practice.

[People's perceptions with motor disabilities of rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic]. / Percepciones sobre la rehabilitación durante la pandemia por COVID-19 de las personas con discapacidad motora.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The World Health Organization declared COrona VIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) a pandemic and recommended social distancing as a preventive measure. This affected all medical-clinical treatments, including those related to the physical rehabilitation process. The objective was to describe the perceptions about the rehabilitation process due to the modifications experienced by people with motor disabilities in a rehabilitation hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Qualitative design. The sample chosen was for convenience and the data analysis was by thematic analysis, which allows to identify, analyze and report themes. The interviews were conducted with patients seen in the physiotherapy división of the hospital. INCLUSION CRITERIA: adults >18 years old, diagnosis of motor disability, undergoing physical treatment ≥1 month on an outpatient basis, with early discharge from hospitalization or hospitalization at the time of the study and signing of the informed consent. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: physical discharge for reasons other than COVID-19 and diagnosis of psychiatric illness. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 16 participants. 31.2% were female. Twelve presented various neurological alterations and 4 amputation effects. Four main themes were identified: importance of rehabilitation, treatment modifications/interruption, activities of daily living and tele-rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions about the rehabilitation process and the impact on the modifications experienced in people with motor disabilities were described. We highlight the importance of tele-rehabilitation as an alternative resource.

Evaluación de la vacuna pandémica antigripal A/H1N1 adyuvada MF59. Revisión sistemática de la literatura / Assessment of the MF59-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine. Systematic review of literature

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de la vacuna adyuvada MF59 en la gripe pandémica en población infantil. Métodos: Se ha elaborado una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica (2005-2012). Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en fuentes de datos electrónicas como MedLine o Embase y búsqueda manual en revistas especializadas, utilizando descriptores MeSH y términos de búsqueda libre. Los criterios de inclusión fueron ensayos clínicos que incluyeran a niños vacunados frente a la gripe A/H1N1 con la vacuna adyuvada MF59 y se comparaba frente a otras dosis vacunales con o sin adyuvante MF59, registrando resultados de seguridad e inmunogenicidad. La calidad de los ensayos clínicos se evaluó utilizando los criterios del cuestionario CASPe. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 4 ensayos clínicos de calidad moderada. Los efectos adversos locales y sistémicos fueron de carácter leve o moderado, sin diferencias entre los grupos vacunados. Los porcentajes de seroconversión y seroprotección alcanzados fueron superiores con las vacunas que utilizaron el adyuvante MF59. Los títulos de anticuerpos alcanzados también fueron mayores en las vacunas adyuvadas. Conclusiones: La vacuna pandémica antigripal adyuvada con MF59 presenta un buen perfil de eficacia y seguridad. Los efectos adversos que puede ocasionar son comunes y se presentan de manera similar a los que acontecen al utilizar vacunas no adyuvadas (AU)

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of MF59-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A/H1N1vaccine in children. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed after searching the MedLine and Embase electronic databases, and manual search in specialties journals, with MeSH terms and free terms. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials with children vaccinated with MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H1N1 vaccine, compared with other vaccines doses with/without MF59-adjuvanted. The immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine was recorded. The quality of the studies included was assessed by CASPe checklist. Results: Four clinical trials with moderate quality were selected. The local and systemic adverse effects were rare and mild, with no differences between groups. Seroconversion and seroprotection levels were higher with MF59-adjuvanted vaccines. Antibody titres were also higher with the adjuvant vaccines. Conclusions: The adjuvant vaccine has a good efficacy and safety profile. The adverse effects that may occur are common and appear similarly in both vaccination groups (AU)

Safety and immunogenicity of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants: a meta-analysis.

Pneumococcal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines represent major progress in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in the paediatric population. We performed a meta-analysis, in accordance with the PRISMA statement, in order to assess the immunogenicity and safety of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infants. A literary search was conducted using electronic databases and specialized journals were searched manually. Inclusion criteria were: clinical trials with infants vaccinated with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate, compared to 7-valent vaccine. We recorded the results in terms of the immunogenicity and safety of the vaccines. The quality of the studies included was assessed using the CASP and Jadad checklists. We included nine randomized clinical trials of 258 potentially relevant references in the meta-analysis. The studies included had high-moderate quality. Both vaccines were well tolerated in all groups of infants, and most local reactions and systemic events were of mild or medium intensity and typical of any injected vaccine. All studies included in the meta-analysis showed high immunogenicity for both pneumococcal vaccines in all tested serotypes. An anti-polysaccharide antibody concentration of ≥0.35 µg/mL was achieved in at least 89% of the infants. Our results suggest that the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has a similar safety profile, and is as effective as, the 7-valent vaccine in the prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by the seven common serotypes, and could provide expanded protection against the six additional serotypes.

[Assessment of the MF59-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine. Systematic review of literature]. / Evaluación de la vacuna pandémica antigripal A/H1N1 adyuvada MF59. Revisión sistemática de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of MF59-adjuvanted pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in children. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed after searching the MedLine and Embase electronic databases, and manual search in specialties journals, with MeSH terms and and free terms. Inclusion criteria were clinical trials with children vaccinated with MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/H1N1 vaccine, compared with other vaccines doses with/without MF59-adjuvanted. The immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine was recorded. The quality of the studies included was assessed by CASPe checklist. RESULTS: Four clinical trials with moderate quality were selected. The local and systemic adverse effects were rare and mild, with no differences between groups. Seroconversion and seroprotection levels were higher with MF59-adjuvanted vaccines. Antibody titres were also higher with the adjuvant vaccines. CONCLUSIONS: The adjuvant vaccine has a good efficacy and safety profile. The adverse effects that may occur are common and appear similarly in both vaccination groups.

Síndrome compartimental agudo extremidad inferior después de cirugía cardíaca / Acute compartment syndorme lower extremity after cardiac surgery

El síndrome compartimental agudo en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca bajo circulación extracorpórea y especialmente tras revascularización miocárdica quirúrgica, es una complicación grave que se presenta de manera excepcional en las primeras horas del postoperatorio, requiere para su diagnóstico un alto nivel de sospecha y precisa de actuación quirúrgica urgente. Presentamos un caso de síndrome compartimental en la extremidad inferior de un paciente afecto de patología valvular aórtica degenerativa y enfermedad coronaria asociada, sometido a remplazo valvular por prótesis y bypass aortocoronario con injertos venosos y arterial, con especial atención hacia el mecanismo fisiopatológico que desencadena esta grave complicación, necesidad de un diagnóstico preciso y precoz y atención quirúrgica inmediata (AU)

Acute compartmental syndrome in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, especially aftercoronary artery bypass graft surgery is a severe complication that rarely occurs during the firsts hours after surgery; diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion and emergency surgical treatment. We report a case of compartmental syndrome of lower extremity in a patient with degenerative aortic valve disease and associated coronary disease, who underwent valve replacement and aortocoronary bypass with venous ad arterial grafts, pointing at the pathophysiological mechanisms that triggers this serious complication, and the need for early and accurate diagnosis and inmmediate surgical management (AU)

Oropharyngeal airway dimensions after treatment with functional appliances in class II retrognathic children.

Class II skeletal malocclusion and respiratory disorders owing to the obstruction of the upper airway at early growth stages have been correlated. The retro/micrognathism can be treated with functional appliances. However, the effects of an early functional orthopedic treatment on the airway dimensions have not been evaluated before the growth peak. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the airway dimensions of class II retrognathic children who received treatment with either Klammt or Bionator on a pre-pubertal stage. The sample consisted of 50 lateral cephalograms of class II retrognathic patients in a pre-puberal stage, before and after the use of a Klammt or Bionator II treatment for 1 year. The data were evaluated by Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test, and significance was set at 5% (P < 0·05). When the measurements before and after treatment were compared, a statistically significant increase in the airway dimensions was found at the space where the adenoid tissue was located. The only airway dimensions that increased after treatment with functional appliances were the ones located at the nasopharynx. The adenoid tissue is still in the peak of growing at the ages of the subjects included in this study. However, the measurements along the nasopharynx increased when compared with the initial ones. Still, similar retrospective and prospective studies are needed at older stages.

Disfunción eréctil en pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de próstata. Revisión sistemática de la literatura médica / Erectile dysfunction in patients with prostate cancer who have undergone surgery: Systematic review of literature

Objetivo: Evaluar la aparición de la disfunción eréctil en pacientes con cáncer de próstata sometidos a prostatectomía radical (PR) retropúbica, prostatectomía laparoscópica y/o prostatectomía robótica. Material y métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura médica mediante búsqueda bibliográfica (2000–2010) en MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, Center for Review Dissemination, ECRI y Hayes. Los términos Mesh fueron «Prostatectomy», «Prostatic neoplasm», «Transuretral resection prostate», «Impotence» y los términos libres fueron «erectile dysfunction» y «prostatectomy». Los estudios incluían pacientes con cáncer de próstata intervenidos para la extirpación de la glándula mediante cirugía abierta (retropúbica), laparoscópica o robótica. Resultados: Se seleccionaron diez estudios observacionales de calidad moderada y 29 series de casos de baja calidad. Los estudios observacionales presentaban los menores porcentajes de disfunción eréctil en pacientes intervenidos mediante cirugía robótica (3–51%). La PR retropúbica (36–91%) y la laparoscópica registraban cifras superiores de aparición de impotencia. Los estudios que comparaban intervenciones, cirugía y radioterapia obtenían con las radiaciones menores índices de disfunción sexual (3–72%). En las series de casos, los menores porcentajes de disfunción eréctil acontecieron en pacientes con cirugía robótica (22%), seguido de cirugía laparoscópica (40%) y de PR retropúbica (41,4%). Conclusiones: Los resultados, aunque deben interpretarse con cautela dada la limitada calidad de los estudios, presentan efectos similares en la evaluación de las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas, observándose que la cirugía robótica registra los menores porcentajes en relación con la aparición de impotencia sexual (AU)

Objective: To assess erectile dysfunction in patients with prostate cancer undergoing surgery by radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic prostatectomy or robotic prostatectomy. Material and methods: Systematic Review of literature based on a search strategy (2000–10) in MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, CRD, ECRI, and Hayes. Mesh terms used were 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasm', 'Transuretral Resection Prostate', 'Impotence' and as free terms 'erectile dysfunction' and 'prostatectomy'. Studies included patients with prostate cancer underwent by prostatectomy radical with open surgery (retropubic), laparoscopic or robotic surgery. Results: Ten observational studies with moderate quality and 29 case series with low quality were selected. Observational studies showed lower percentages of erectile dysfunction after intervention in the patients underwent robotic surgery (3–51%). Radical surgery (36–91%) and laparoscopic surgery showed higher values of impotence. In the studies that compared surgery versus radiotherapy, the results were better for radiotherapy (3–72% erectile dysfunction). In the case series, lower percentages of erectile dysfunction were shown in patients underwent to robotic surgery (22%), the following was for laparoscopic surgery (40%) and open radical prostatectomy (41.4%). Conclusions: This result should be considered with caution because of the low methodological quality of the studies included. However, the different surgical techniques assessed showed similar effects in the two types of studies included and we found that robotic surgery presented lower percentages of sexual impotence (AU)

[Erectile dysfunction in patients with prostate cancer who have undergone surgery: Systematic review of literature]. / Disfunción eréctil en pacientes intervenidos de cáncer de próstata. Revisión sistemática de la literatura médica.

OBJECTIVE: To assess erectile dysfunction in patients with prostate cancer undergoing surgery by radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic prostatectomy or robotic prostatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic Review of literature based on a search strategy (2000-10) in MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, CRD, ECRI, and Hayes. Mesh terms used were Prostatectomy, "Prostatic Neoplasm, Transuretral Resection Prostate, Impotence and as free terms erectile dysfunction and prostatectomy. Studies included patients with prostate cancer underwent by prostatectomy radical with open surgery (retropubic), laparoscopic or robotic surgery. RESULTS: Ten observational studies with moderate quality and 29 case series with low quality were selected. Observational studies showed lower percentages of erectile dysfunction after intervention in the patients underwent robotic surgery (3-51%). Radical surgery (36-91%) and laparoscopic surgery showed higher values of impotence. In the studies that compared surgery versus radiotherapy, the results were better for radiotherapy (3-72% erectile dysfunction). In the case series, lower percentages of erectile dysfunction were shown in patients underwent to robotic surgery (22%), the following was for laparoscopic surgery (40%) and open radical prostatectomy (41.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This result should be considered with caution because of the low methodological quality of the studies included. However, the different surgical techniques assessed showed similar effects in the two types of studies included and we found that robotic surgery presented lower percentages of sexual impotence.

[Assessment of the PCA3 test for prostate cancer diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis]. / Evaluación del test PCA3 para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata: revisión sistemática y metanálisis.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of diagnostic techniques based on PCA3 gene for early detection of prostate cancer. We carried out a systematic review of scientific literature and subsequent meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A literature search (2000-09) in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CRD, ECRI, Hayes databases and journals of Cancer and Urology. MESH terms used were "Prostatic Neoplasms", Prostate-Specific Antigen", "Antigens, Neoplasm", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Predictive Value of Tests", and free terms "upm3", "PCA3", "dd3", "aptima PCA3" and "prostate cancer antigen 3". Patients were adults. The intervention was to determine the PCA3 gene, from urine samples for diagnosis of prostate cancer. The quality of the studies was checked according to QUADAS criteria. We calculated diagnostic accuracy rates and developed a meta-analysis to synthesize results. RESULTS: 14 studies of diagnostic tests were selected, with moderate-high quality. The sensitivity was between 46.9% and 82.3%, specificity ranged from 56.3% to 89%, positive predictive value had a range of 59.4-97.4% and negative predictive value 87.8-98%. The meta-analysis detected the existence of a threshold effect and heterogeneity between studies. Global sensitivity values was 0.85 [CI 0.84-0.87], specificity 0.96 [CI 0.96-0.97], positive likelihood ratio 22.21 [CI 15.12-32.63], and negative of 0.15 [CI 0.13-0.18]. CONCLUSIONS: Detection techniques have acceptable diagnostic accuracy rates for using in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Evaluación del test PCA3 para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata: revisión sistemática y metanálisis / Assessment of the PCA3 test for prostate cancer diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de las técnicas diagnósticas basadas en el gen PCA3 para el diagnóstico del cáncer de próstata. Para ello, se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica y posterior metanálisis. Material y métodos: Búsqueda bibliográfica (2000–09) en MedLine, Embase, Cochrane Library, CRD, ECRI, Hayes y en revistas especializadas de Cáncer y Urología. Se utilizaron los descriptores «Prostatic Neoplasms», «Prostate-Specific Antigen», «Antigens, Neoplasm», «Sensitivity and Specificity», «Predictive Value of Tests» y términos libres «upm3», «pca3», «dd3», «aptima pca3» y «prostate cancer antigen 3». La población eran adultos y la intervención consistía en la determinación del gen PCA3, a partir de muestras de orina, para el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata. La calidad de los estudios se analizó según los criterios QUADAS. Se calcularon los índices de validez diagnóstica y se elaboró un metanálisis para sintetizar los resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 14 estudios de pruebas diagnósticas, de calidad moderada-alta. La sensibilidad estuvo comprendida entre 46,9–82,3%; la especificidad osciló entre 56,3–89%; el valor predictivo positivo tuvo un rango de 59,4–97,4%; y el valor predictivo negativo entre 87,8–98%. El metanálisis detectó la existencia de efecto umbral y de heretogeneidad entre los estudios, ofreciendo valores de sensibilidad global de 0,85 (IC 0,84–0,87), especificidad de 0,96 (IC 0,96–0,97), cociente de probabilidad positivo de 22,21 (IC 15,12–32,63) y negativo de 0,15 (IC 0,13–0,18). Conclusiones: Las técnicas de detección presentan aceptables índices de validez diagnóstica para poder usarlas en el diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata (AU)

Objective: To assess the efficacy of diagnostic techniques based on PCA3 gene for early detection of prostate cancer. We carried out a systematic review of scientific literature and subsequent meta-analysis. Material and methods: A literature search (2000–09) in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CRD, ECRI, Hayes databases and journals of Cancer and Urology. MESH terms used were "Prostatic Neoplasms", Prostate-Specific Antigen", "Antigens, Neoplasm", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Predictive Value of Tests", and free terms "upm3", "PCA3", "dd3", "aptima PCA3" and "prostate cancer antigen 3". Patients were adults. The intervention was to determine the PCA3 gene, from urine samples for diagnosis of prostate cancer. The quality of the studies was checked according to QUADAS criteria. We calculated diagnostic accuracy rates and developed a meta-analysis to synthesize results. Results: 14 studies of diagnostic tests were selected, with moderate-high quality. The sensitivity was between 46.9% and 82.3%, specificity ranged from 56.3% to 89%, positive predictive value had a range of 59.4–97.4% and negative predictive value 87.8–98%. The meta-analysis detected the existence of a threshold effect and heterogeneity between studies. Global sensitivity values was 0.85 [CI 0.84–0.87], specificity 0.96 [CI 0.96–0.97], positive likelihood ratio 22.21 [CI 15.12–32.63], and negative of 0.15 [CI 0.13–0.18]. Conclusions: Detection techniques have acceptable diagnostic accuracy rates for using in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (AU)

Endoláser en el tratamiento de patologías venosas en miembros inferiores. Revisión sistemática de la bibliografía / Endovenous laser in thetreament of venous patology in low members. Systematic review of scientific iterature

Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad del láser endovenoso en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa delos miembros inferiores. Materiales y métodos. Diseño: revisión sistemática de la literatura científica. Fuente de datos: Medline (2003-marzo 2008), Embase (2003-marzo 2008), bases mantenidas por el Center for Reviews and Dissemination, Cochrane Library, Red Europea de Detección Precoz de Tecnologías y el registro norteamericano de ensayos clínicos ClinicalTrials.gov. Metodología: se incluyeron pacientes adultos con insuficiencia venosa de miembros inferiores.La intervención consistió en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa mediante la utilización de láser endovenoso en comparación con la cirugía convencional. Como resultados se han elegido parámetros de seguridad (complicaciones y efectos adversos) y eficacia (porcentaje de oclusión de venas y grado de satisfacción del paciente). La calidad se valoró mediante criterios del programa CASPe y Jadad. Resultados. Se seleccionaron cuatro ensayos clínicos, cuatro informes de agencias de tecnologías sanitarias y una revisión sistemática. Los informes de agencias y la revisión mostraron intervalos de eficacia comprendidos entre 87,95 y 100%. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron equimosis, induración de la zona, hematoma, parestesias e hiperpigmentación. Los ensayos clínicos presentaban una eficacia del 89,6-98,4% a los tres meses de la intervención y complicaciones menores que en el grupo control. El tiempo de recuperación era menor en el grupo intervenido con endoláser y la satisfacción del paciente mayor. Conclusiones. La tecnología endoláser se presenta segura, con reacciones adversas típicas de intervenciones quirúrgicas, pero menores que con la cirugía convencional(AU)

La eficacia presenta en general porcentajes altos, aunque según aumenta el tiempo transcurrido desde la intervención, disminuye y se iguala con la cirugía convencional. La gran ventaja de esta técnica puede residir en el tiempo de recuperación y las molestias postoperatorias, que son menores que en la cirugía convencional(AU)

Aim. Assessment the efficacy and safety of endovenous laser in the treatment of venous insufficiency of lowmembers. Materials and methods. Design: systematic review of scientific literature. Source database: MedLine (2003-March 2008), Embase (2003-March 2008), Center for Reviews and Dissemination, Cochrane Library, European Agencyof Medicine, European Network of Early Detection of Technologies and the registry of clinical trials ClinicalTrials.gov.Methods: Inclusion criteria: adult patients with venous insufficiency of low members. Intervention: to treat venousinsufficiency by endovenous laser versus conventional surgery. Outcomes: safety parameters (complications and adverseeffects) and efficacy (% occlusion of veins and degree of satisfaction of patients). The quality was assessment by criteriaof the program CASPe and Jadad. Results. We selected four clinical trials, four reports of Health Technology Agenciesand a systematic review. The reports of agencies and the review showed ranges of efficacy between 87,95-100%. Themost frequent complications were equimosis, induration of the area, bruise, parestesias, and hyperpigmentation.Clinical trials showed an efficacy of 89,6-98,4% to three months of the intervention, and minor complications than insurgical group. Time of recovery and patient satisfaction were better in endovenous laser group. Conclusions. Endovenouslaser appears sure, with typical adverse reactions of surgical interventions, minor in conventional surgery. Theefficacy presents in general high percentages, though the more time pass from the intervention, it decreases the moreequal are the results to conventional surgery. The great advantage of this technology could reside in the recovery timeand postoperatory inconveniences, that are minor that with the conventional surgery(AU)

Potential prebiotic activity of oligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic conversion of durum wheat insoluble dietary fibre into soluble dietary fibre.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Epidemiological evidence indicates that cereal dietary fibre (DF) may have several cardiovascular health benefits. The underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Here, the potential nutritional effects of physico-chemical properties modifications of durum wheat dietary fibre (DWF) induced by enzyme treatment have been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: The conversion of the highly polymerised insoluble dietary fibre into soluble feruloyl oligosaccharides of DWF was achieved by a tailored enzymatic treatment. The in vitro fermentation and release of ferulic acid by intestinal microbiota from DWF before and after the enzymatic treatment were assessed using a gut model validated to mimic the human colonic microbial environment. Results demonstrated that, compared to DWF, the enzyme-treated DWF (ET-DWF) stimulated the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Concurrently, the release of free ferulic acid by ET-DWF was almost three times higher respect to the control. No effect on the formation of short chain fatty acids was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The conversion of insoluble dietary fibre from cereals into soluble dietary fibre generated a gut microbial fermentation that supported bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. The concurrent increase in free ferulic acid from the enzyme-treated DWF might result in a higher plasma ferulic acid concentration which could be one of the reasons for the health benefits reported for dietary fibre in cardiovascular diseases.

Statistical analysis of the breaking processes of Ni nanowires.

We have performed a massive statistical analysis on the breaking behaviour of Ni nanowires using molecular dynamic simulations. Three stretching directions, five initial nanowire sizes and two temperatures have been studied. We have constructed minimum cross-section histograms and analysed for the first time the role played by monomers and dimers. The shape of such histograms and the absolute number of monomers and dimers strongly depend on the stretching direction and the initial size of the nanowire. In particular, the statistical behaviour of the breakage final stages of narrow nanowires strongly differs from the behaviour obtained for large nanowires. We have analysed the structure around monomers and dimers. Their most probable local configurations differ from those usually appearing in static electron transport calculations. Their non-local environments show disordered regions along the nanowire if the stretching direction is [100] or [110]. Additionally, we have found that, at room temperature, [100] and [110] stretching directions favour the appearance of non-crystalline staggered pentagonal structures. These pentagonal Ni nanowires are reported in this work for the first time. This set of results suggests that experimental Ni conducting histograms could show a strong dependence on the orientation and temperature.

Gestación y déficit de factor XIII de la coagulación / Gestation and factor XIII coagulation deficiency

Paciente afecta de coagulopatía por "déficit congénito del factor XIII" que consiguió una gestación espontánea y logró llevarl a su término bajo tratamiento de manera asintomática y exitosa. Este transtorno hematológico se caracteriza por la incapacidad de mantener la estabilidad del coágulo una vez formado, con la consiguiente predisposición aq sufrir hemorragias a cualquier nivel. Se presentan también abortos de repetición. Su tratamiento consiste en la infusión de factor XIII,aunque puede desencadenarse la producción de anticuerpos, que lo neutralizaría. Se encuentran pocos casos recogidos en la bibliografía, por lo que consideramos interesante su publicación

A patient under treatment for a coagulation disorder due to congenital factor XIII deficiency achieved a successful spontaneous full-term gestation, remaining asymptomatic. This disorder of the blood is characterized by the incapacity to maintain clot stable once they habe been formed, resulting in a predisposition to hemorrhages at any level and also presenting with cases of repeated abortions. Treatment consists of factor XIII infusion, although this can be neutralized when antibodies are produced in response. this is an interesting case, since few have been reported in literature and additionally, the delivery was not a cesarean by vacuum assisted

Tumor quístico gigante de ovario y desorden hidroelectrolítico / Giant ovarian cyst and water-electrolyte imbalence

Paciente de mediana edad que presenta un cuadro de distensión abdominal, síndrome constitucional, vómitos en pozo de café y melenas, asociados a una tumoración quística gigante de ovario que le impide caminar. El retraso en la consulta médica y la naturalez mucinosa del tumor hacen que las dimensiones del quiste sean gigantescas, con producción masiva de líquido (moco) que origina una situación de postración e inmovilidad absoluta, con grave desorden hidro-electrolítico que le condujo a la muerte

A middle-aged patient presented with abdominal distention, weakness, weight loss and anorexia, as well as coffee-ground vomit and melena, related to a giant ovarian cyst tumor. The delay in seeking medical advice and themucinous nature of the tumor had led to the cyst growing to enormous proportions, producing massive amounts of fluid (mucous) and causing postration and complete immobility, with a severe water-electrolyte imbalance which eventually led to death